Discover why options market data suggests a lower crash risk for U.S. stocks than pundit surveys, and how to optimize asset ...

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a model of a parameter estimator filter for Black Box-type Stochastic Systems (BBSS), that is, only its inputs and outputs are known; considering its intrinsic ...

Article subjects are automatically applied from the ACS Subject Taxonomy and describe the scientific concepts and themes of the article. The application presented here utilizes the R Shiny platform to ...

dxxx(x,) returns the density or the value on the y-axis of a probability distribution for a discrete value of x pxxx(q,) returns the cumulative density function (CDF) or the area under the curve to ...

Probability distribution is an essential concept in statistics, helping us understand the likelihood of different outcomes in a random experiment. Whether you’re a student, researcher, or professional ...

Normal distribution, also known as Gaussian distribution, is a fundamental concept in statistics that is used to describe the probability distribution of a continuous random variable. In simple terms, ...

Since childhood, chances are you’ve been expected to be nice to others; to “treat them how you want to be treated,” presumably with kindness and respect. But why do so many people (myself included) ...

The COS method was introduced in Fang & Oosterlee (2008) and then was applied to pricing a variety of stock options for continuous random variables. This paper adapts the Fourier-cosine series (COS) ...

So I'm seeding a database with faker. I have field that allow array of some type. I want to generate multiple array, but with different size. Some where the array is empty, some where the array has 1 ...