Einstein's 1917 paper, "Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity," applied general relativity to the universe as a whole, establishing a firmer basis for cosmology. To create a ...

Mathematics in Mesopotamia : Where did mathematics begin? ; Political history in Mesopotamia ; The number symbols ; Arithmetic operations ; Babylonian algebra ; Babylonian geometry ; The uses of ...

In the third century BCE, Apollonius of Perga asked how many circles one could draw that would touch three given circles at exactly one point each. It would take 1,800 years to prove the answer: eight ...

Symplectic geometry is a relatively new field with implications for much of modern mathematics. Here’s what it’s all about. In the early 1800s, William Rowan Hamilton discovered a new kind of ...