With more years in practice, spine surgeons say their threshold for recommending surgery has evolved toward discernment. Variables such as advances in outpatient techniques and anesthesia have ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Richard Menger is a neurosurgeon and a political scientist. A post-operative x-ray showing a spinal deformity correction for ...

Most Americans will endure some form of back pain in their life. Spine, back, and neck problems are most common with neck and back being some of the most expensive. “Everyone has a spine. At some ...